THE DGW-I FURNACE A MATERIALS PROCESSING FACILITY IN "SZ-2" SPACECRAFT

The DGW-I is a new material processing facility developed in China, which was firstly carried into orbit in November 1999 by the SZ-1 spacecraft and then in January 2001 carried by SZ-2 into space again, and successfully processed 6 samples of materials, including 3 samples of alloys, 2 of semiconductors and 1 sample of oxide crystal.     

Gender diversity in geo-spatial technology and applications disciplines uptake in developing Asian countries – A survey-based competency analysis

Geo-Spatial Technology and Applications (GSTA) contributes significantly to the implementation of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which seeks to ‘leave no one behind’. This study attempts to assess the gender diversity in enrolment in GSTA programmes in developing countries in Asia using data available with the UN-affiliated Regional Centre in India. A survey was also conducted to gauge trainees’ comfort in a complex multi-cultural, multi-linguistic classroom environment. The analysis shows that female participation in short-term courses has been increasing rather steeply over the years (1995–2019). The enrolment has reached 30% in recent years. It is also observed that the female participants have preferred (about 10%) to enrol in physical Science and Technology (ST) -oriented courses such as Remote Sensing and GIS, Satellite Meteorology and Climate Change, and Space and Atmospheric Sciences when compared to electrical Engineering and Technology-oriented Satellite Communications and Global Navigation Satellite Systems courses that would require a strong knowledge of digital signals and systems theory.The survey study with a participation of 150 trainees from 17 countries shows that women trainees have a slight edge by 9% over the male counterparts in learning ST elements of the courses. At sub-regional levels, it is observed that participants from Indian sub-continent countries (ISC) are better by 15% than participants from South-east Asian Countries (SAC) and Central Asian Countries (CAC). As far as the course structure perspective is concerned, there has been a significant difference with 70% of the ISC trainees have found the courses as well-balanced covering equally both technology and applications, while only 36% and 56% of the trainees from SAC and CAC, respectively, have found the course as balanced. Importantly, the survey has revealed that the participants from SAC and CAC have a big challenge in apprehending lectures in English, as reflected by their top scores at 18% and 17%, respectively, compared with the corresponding value of the ISC trainees being 72%. Recommendations are suggested to sustain the female enrolment in long-term GSTA training programmes. Strategies that create family-friendly learning conditions, including joint education programmes involving lead institutions of the participants’ countries, are proposed to facilitate higher female participation. Furthermore, measures such as standardisation of curricula regionally at undergraduate levels and having periodic meetings of trainers are recommended in order to minimise the trainees’ core competency gaps in GSTA disciplines at the regional level.     

通过泛读帮助英语专业学生提高人文素养及加强专业优势

对提高英语专业学生的人文素养而言，广泛地阅读是一种主观上积极主动，客观上行之有效的吸收。在真实的教学实践中，通过循序渐进的积累总结，在英语泛读教学中切实可行的七个注意事项得以具体化。     

中国空间生命科学40年回顾与展望

我国空间生命科学的探索起源于20世纪60年代，1981年随着空间生命专业委员会的正式成立，依托此专业的学术交流平台，空间生命科学进入多学科并进多机构建设的新阶段.随着中国载人航天及空间探索研究的深入发展，以分支学科或重大问题为牵引，我国在空间生命科学的几个重要领域取得了一系列关键成果.本文从发展历程、研究成果、平台模型、重大项目与后续展望等方面综述了我国空间生命科学40年的发展历程与标志性成果，为后续发展提供借鉴与参考.      

空间科学实验平台气液回路方案

空间科学实验平台是为突破单一化实验装置设计模式而研制的一种多用途空间科学实验平台. 根据空间科学实验平台内气液回路设计的相关问题, 给出了回路系统中主要设备的相关设计方法, 包括循环风机、气-液换热器、冷板, 并根据传热效率和系统安全性的考虑, 对流体工质的选择提出建议. 初步分析结果及国际类似研究证明, 气液回路技术结合其他主动及被动热控制措施, 可以很好地满足空间实验平台内部仪器设备及样本的不同温度控制要求.      

论科技进步与党内和谐

新的时期科技进步与党的建设之间关系日益紧密,影响巨大而复杂。本文系统阐述了科技进步的内涵、功能和主要特征,并对科技进步给党的建设带来的机遇和挑战进行了初步分析。     

俄月球-全球等探测任务中的无线电科学试验

俄罗斯航天局正在规划和推进新的月球探测计划,包括月球-资源和月球-全球探测任务,它们搭载了3个无线电科学载荷:2个无线电信标机分别安装在2个着陆器上,1个Ka波段接收机安装在月球-全球轨道器上。信标机发射频率为8.4GHz和32GHz。8.4GHz的微波信号将被发回地球,利用地面VLBI监测网对信号进行测量,其结果可用于精密的天体力学观测及导航,还能用于月球天平动研究;32GHz信号将用于定轨和月球重力场研究。Ka波段信号天线轴指向着陆区天顶方向,信号由轨道器接收。本文基于对Ka波段信号多普勒频移的精确测量,通过研究着陆区附近重力场的微小变化(约3~5mGal精度),探讨月球重力场的不均匀性,其测量数据的空间分辨率约为20km。     

火星精确着陆制导问题分析与展望

美国火星科学实验室(MSL)任务成功将“好奇”号火星车着陆到火星表面,开创了火星精确着陆探测的新局面。以MSL着陆任务为典型代表,分析了目前火星着陆探测进入、下降和着陆（Entry, Descent and Landing, EDL）过程的制导方案及制导系统的发展趋势。以在火星高海拔、复杂地形区域定点着陆为潜在工程目标,归纳了火星EDL过程面临的制导主要问题。根据未来制导系统自主性和自适应性的技术需求及潜在工程任务制导面临的问题,提出了火星EDL制导方面需要解决的关键技术,并对其在未来工程中的应用潜力进行了展望。     

新形势下我省高校科技创新发展中的几个问题

振兴老工业基地使辽宁高校科技创新发展面临着新的机遇和挑战。高校科技创新应该成为加快老工业基地振兴的主阵地。在振兴老工业基地这一新形势下，辽宁高校应发挥科技创新的优势和作用，迅速提升我省科学技术整体实力和自主创新能力，为实现辽宁经济社会全面、协调和可持续发展奠定坚实的科技基础。     

纪念信息论创立五十周年

１９４８年，山农（Ｃ．Ｅ．Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ）首创信息论，至今信息论在促进现代科学技术发展上已作出重大贡献；介绍了信息概念的发展，评述了山农的信息定义、信道容量定理、山农采样定理和保密通信理论。最后，介绍横断科学的兴起、概念及其意义。